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Flush group
INODE
INODE
INODE
HAMMER Media Flush
Flush group
INODE
INODE
INODE
Flush group
INODE
INODE
INODE
DATA
META
VOLUME
DATA
META
VOLUME
UNDO
DATA
META
VOLUME
DISK
FLUSH
DISK
FLUSH
DISK
FLUSH
DISK
FLUSH
DISK
FLUSH
DISK
FLUSH
DISK
FLUSH
UNDO
UNDO
All operations cached in memory.
Multiple inodes per flush group.
Data writes are asynchronous.
Undo records generated by flush.
Fsync() is expensive (4 flushes).
High level of I/O parallelism.
(See FUTUREs slide)